Premium Quality dNTP Solutions – at prices you can’t ignore…!

The synthesis of a complementary DNA/cDNA strand by enzymatic polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) is the basic principle of DNA amplification, sequencing and cDNA synthesis techniques such as PCR → Molecular Biology, real-time PCR → Molecular Biology and reverse transcription → Molecular Biology. For these, amplification sensitivity, product yield and reproducibility are strongly dependent on the quality of the reagents used.

Jena Bioscience’s enzymatic dNTP manufacturing process ensures superior quality for deoxynucleoside triphosphates: All our dNTPs are ultrapure (> 99 % by HPLC) and functionally tested by a set very sensitive enzymatic reactions (see below dNTP Guide and dNTP specifications).

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Unmodified (natural) deoxy-Nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) – Bundles

The synthesis of a complementary DNA/cDNA strand by enzymatic polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) is the basic principle of DNA amplification, sequencing and cDNA synthesis techniques such as PCR → Molecular Biology, real-time PCR → Molecular Biology and reverse transcription → Molecular Biology. For these, amplification sensitivity, product yield and reproducibility are strongly dependent on the quality of the reagents used.

Jena Bioscience’s enzymatic dNTP manufacturing process ensures superior quality for deoxynucleoside triphosphates: All our dNTPs are ultrapure (> 99 % by HPLC) and functionally tested by a set very sensitive enzymatic reactions (see below dNTP Guide and dNTP specifications).

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Unmodified (natural) deoxy-Nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) – Pre-Mixes

The synthesis of a complementary DNA/cDNA strand by enzymatic polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) is the basic principle of DNA amplification, sequencing and cDNA synthesis techniques such as PCR → Molecular Biology, real-time PCR → Molecular Biology and reverse transcription → Molecular Biology. For these, amplification sensitivity, product yield and reproducibility are strongly dependent on the quality of the reagents used.

Jena Bioscience’s enzymatic dNTP manufacturing process ensures superior quality for deoxynucleoside triphosphates: All our dNTPs are ultrapure (> 99 % by HPLC) and functionally tested by a set very sensitive enzymatic reactions (see below dNTP Guide and dNTP specifications).

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Unmodified dideoxy-Nucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs)

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Selected References

[1] Sanger et al. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.
[2] Syvänen et al. (1999) From gels to chips: Minisequencing primer extension for analysis of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum. Mut. 13:10.
[3] Griffin et al. (2000) Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Trends Biotechnol. 18 (2):77.

Unmodified dideoxy-Nucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) – Bundles

Figure 1: The enzymatic dideoxy chain termination sequencing method of Sanger^[1] relies on the linear amplification of a single-stranded template DNA using a 5′-fluorescently labeled primer and a modified Taq polymerase. The synthesis of the complementary DNA strand starts at the specific priming site and ends with the incorporation of a chain-terminating ddNTP that is randomly introduced instead of its corresponding dNTP. By using the four different ddNTPs in four separate reaction vials, a set of extended primer strands terminated at each A, C, G, and T are obtained. When these fragments are separated on a suitable gel matrix the sequence information can be obtained from the migration order of the bands (bottom to top).

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Selected References

[1] Sanger et al. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.
[2] Syvänen et al. (1999) From gels to chips: Minisequencing primer extension for analysis of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum. Mut. 13:10.
[3] Griffin et al. (2000) Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Trends Biotechnol. 18 (2):77.

Fluorescently labeled dideoxy-Nucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single base pair mutations at specific locations in the coding and non-coding regions of the genome that are found in more than 1% of a population[1]. While SNPs located within a coding region are most likely to alter the biological function of a protein, SNPs found within the non-coding regions may affect gene regulation. Both, coding and non-coding SNPs have been associated with population-specific disease development or drug susceptibility and are therefore promising molecular markers for disease genetics and pharmacogenomics studies[2].

An efficient and reliable approach for genotyping of a priori known SNP locations is single basepair extension (SBE)[3,4,5]. This method relies on the extension of a primer, designed to bind one nucleotide upstream of the polymorphic spot, by a SNP-complementary, fluorescently labeled ddNTP[5]. Subsequent detection of the incorporated ddNTP is performed by fluorescent visualization of the extended primer by electrophoresis or array-based methods, thus revealing the nucleotide base at that position on the template strand.

Our fluorescently labeled ddNTPs are > 95 % pure (HPLC) and have been successfully used in SBE experiments[5]. Further fluorescently labeled ddATP, ddCTP, ddGTP and ddUTP analogs (e.g. Cy3 or Cy5-labeled), amine-labeled ddNTPs for subsequent coupling of NHS-ester-modified fluorescent dyes → Probes & Epigenetics as well as biotin-labeled ddNTPs for subsequent detection with fluorescent streptavidin are available as catalog products.

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Selected References

[1] Brookes et al. (1999) The essence of SNPs. Gene 234:177.
[2] Kim et al. (2007) SNP genotyping: technologies and biomedical applications. Annual review of Biomedical Engineering 9:289.
[3] Desphande et al. (2005) Multiplexed SNP Genotyping using single-base extension (SBE) and microsphere arrays. Current protocols in Cytometry 13 (4):1.
[4] Syvänen et al. (1999) From gels to chips: Minisequencing primer extension for analysis of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum. Mut. 13:10.
[5] Esteves et al. (2011) Clinical relevance of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: development of a multiplex PCR-single-base-extension methodology. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49 (5):1810.

Nucleotides for Mutagenesis

Random Mutagenesis is a common approach for directed evolution of proteins and for analysis of protein-structure/function relationships. In contrast to site-directed approaches, random mutagenesis is a promising tool for identification of beneficial mutations without prior structural and functional information about the protein of interest. Randomly introduced DNA mutations such as nucleotide exchange (substitution), insertion and deletion of one or multiple nucleotides result in amino acid sequence changes thus, producing proteins with altered characteristics such as enhanced or novel activities.

Make sure you also check out our Random Mutagenesis Kits → Molecular Biology!
A powerful approach for random mutagenesis is PCR-based incorporation of mutagenic nucleotide analogs into a DNA fragment[1-7]. The mutagenic potential of these nucleotide analogs relies on their alternate base pairing properties that lead to the introduction of several mutations during multiple rounds of a PCR reaction (Tab. 1). Elimination of the modified analogs is achieved by a second PCR in the presence of the four natural dNTPs, leaving highly mutated DNA ready for further investigation

Table 1: Nucleotide selection guide for random mutagenesis approaches.
Taq: Thermus aquaticus; transition: exchange of purine for purine (A ↔ G) or pyrimidine for pyrimidine (C ↔ T); transversion: exchange of purine for pyrimidine or vice versa (C/T ↔ A/G).

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Selected References

[1] Zaccolo et al. (1996) An Approach to Random Mutagenesis of DNA Using Mixtures of Triphosphate Derivatives of Nucleoside Analogues. Journal of Molecular Biology 255:589.
[2] Kamiya et al. (2007) Induction of various mutations during PCRs with Manganese and 8-Hydroxy-dGTP. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30 (4):842.
[3] Zaccolo et al. (1999) The effect of high-frequency random mutagenesis on in vitro protein evolution: a study on TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Journal of Molecular Biology 285 (2):775.
[4] Ma et al. (2008) The mutagenic properties of BrdUTP in a random mutagenesis process. Mol. Biol. Rep. 35:663.
[5] Kamiya et al. (2004) Induction of transition and transversion mutations during random mutagenesis PCR by the addition of 2-Hydroxy-dATP. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27 (5):621.
[6] Kuipers (2012) In vitro mutagenesis by using mixtures of dNTP and dITP in PCR. In: Methods of Molecular Biology 57. Humana Press.
[7] Wang et al. (2012) A simple and reproducible method for direct evolution: Combination of random mutation with dITP and DNA fragmentation with Endonuclease V. In: Molecular Biotechnology. Humana Press.
[8] Spee et al. (1993) Efficient random mutagenesis method with adjustable mutation frequency using PCR and dITP. Nucleic Acids Res. 21 (3):777.

Nucleotides for DNA Crosslinking

Nucleotides for crosslinking of nucleic acids, incorporated by Taq DNA Polymerase.

Find more Azides as well as Alkynes for crosslinking applications in our Click Chemistry section → Click Chemistry!

Bulk Amounts

If you require large amounts (> 10 ml, > 100 ml, > 1 l), significant discounts are available. Please contact us at info@stratech.co.uk to receive an individual quotation.

Selected References

Srinivasan et al. (2002) Characterization of RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIC from the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori. Eur. J. Biochem. 269:1780.