Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides modulate the function of diverse mammalian cell types and tissues under both normal and pathophysiological conditions via corresponding purine and pyrimidine receptors such as the P2 receptor family.

Members of the P2 receptors can be divided into ligand-gated ion channels (P2X receptors) and G-protein-coupled receptors (P2Y receptors), respectively.

Purinergic P2X receptors as ligand-gated cation channels are activated by endogenous ATP and assemble as homo- and hetero-trimers from seven cloned subtypes: P2X₁, P2X₂, P2X₃, P2X₄, P2X₅, P2X₆, and P2X₇. From the family of P2Y receptors whose signaling is mediated through coupling to G-proteins, mainly G_qu/11 (P2Y₁₀, P2Y₁₃) and G_i/o (P2Y₁₄), eight mammalian subtypes are known: P2Y₁, P2Y₂, P2Y₄, P2Y₆, P2Y₁₁, P2Y₁₂, P2Y₁₃, and P2Y₁₄.

Generally, P2-receptors have been linked to participation in several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, inflammatory and neuropathic diseases, including neuropathic pain. Thus, agonist and antagonist ligands for these receptors have a high potential for clinical applications.

We offer different mono- and dinucleotide agonist and antagonist ligands for functional studies of P2X and P2Y subtypes.