PRIMARY ANTIBODIES

Bioss offers over 11,000 different primary antibodies. A primary antibody is an immunoglobulin that binds specifically to a particular protein or molecule of interest for the purpose of purifying or detecting and measuring it. We offer both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised in rabbit, mouse, and goat. Polyclonal antibodies are able to recognize multiple epitopes on and antigen, making them more tolerant of minor changes in the antigen sequence. Monoclonal antibodies are made to be specific to a single epitope and can provide a stable long term supply when produced by hybridomas in vitro. Our primary antibodies are also made available conjugated to various fluorescent dyes, HRP, or Biotin.

SECONDARY ANTIBODIES

Secondary Antibodies are used for indirect detection of target antigens. Bioss offers a wide variety of both conjugated and unconjugated secondary antibodies that can be used for fluorescent, colorimetric, and chemiluminescent detection of primary antibody in a wide range of applications. Using a secondary antibody provides increased sensitivity through signal amplification and allows for greater flexibility for labeling and detection.

ISOTYPE CONTROLS

Isotype controls are primary antibodies that lack specificity to a target, however they match the class and type of the primary antibody being used. Isotype controls are used as negative controls to help distinguish nonspecific background signal from specific antibody signal. When selecting an isotype control you should match the antibody’s host species and class. If using a primary conjugated antibody, it is important to use the same conjugation for the isotype control.

Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies provide a variety of unique benefits for Western blot, IHC, and other experiments.

The production of monoclonal antibodies dates back to 1975 when Köhler and Milstein first described the fusion of immunized mouse spleen B cells with cancerous myeloma cells, resulting in hybridoma cells that are both immortal and secrete a specific antibody of interest.

Despite the reproducibility and specificity that mouse monoclonal antibodies deliver, they have limited sensitivity and are susceptible to antigen heterogeneity and experimental condition changes.

Rabbit monoclonal antibodies have emerged in recent years as a crucial subset of the research antibody market.

Spurred by early successes as in vitro diagnostics — in addition to ongoing trials for therapeutic applications — rabbit monoclonal antibodies are increasingly being used for research in the life sciences as well. Scientists recognize the unique qualities these antibodies hold, such as broader reactivity with commonly studied animal tissue and a stronger, more diverse immune response when compared to mouse-derived antibodies.
While the breadth and depth of products have not yet matched traditional mouse monoclonal antibody catalogues, the scientific community’s demand for more accurate, reliable reagents ensures the continued expansion of this market.